According to the recent IMF article here, "...globalization plateaued in the decade and a half since the global financial crisis. This latest era is often referred to as “slowbalization...”
The five main periods of globalization are:
1. Industrialisation
2. Wars, Protectionism
3. Fixed Exchange Rates
4. Liberalization
5. 'Slowbalization'
Image credit: YaleGlobalOnline
An article written by Prof. Dr Obiyathulla Ismath Bacha on how sukuk can be one of the instruments to save the world drowning in debt post Covid-19.
Image credit: The Conversation
High poverty and rising food insecurity are the two factors contribution to social strain, according to this article. To secure growth stability, policies might focus on:
1. Bring down inflation.
2. Emphasize on social spending and public institution credibility.
3. Improve safety nets and social assistance.
4. Do not set aside other policy changes. (eg. productivity, investment & job creation etc.)
Source: IMF Blog
This article is quite long, but has important modern implications. Source: Michael Ramirez, The Gazette.
